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The history of reverse osmosis water purification dates back to the 1940s, when the Second World War was at its peak. United States navy fought in the Pacific Ocean and water was a source of headache for the military forces. Back then, transportation was less advanced and supplying clean water for drinking, bathing, and laundry with numerous soldiers staying several years in such a large battle ground as the Pacific Ocean, seemed nearly as daunting as the War itself. The forces needed a device that extracts fresh water from the sea and this need lead to the development of water filters.
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Reverse osmosis system originates from the first artificial osmosis developed by UCLA medical school in the early 1950s under the sponsorship of U.S. Department of Interior. Under normal osmotic pressure, solvent naturally moves from an area of low solute concentration, through a semi-permeable membrane, to an area of high solute concentration. Reverse osmosis involves applying pressure to reverse this natural flow of water, forcing the water to move from the more concentrate solution to the weaker. Therefore, when highly concentrated tap water is pushed through the membrane, low concentrate pure water is extracted.
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RO membranes for reverse osmosis treatment are constructed from polypropylene materials. The membrane removes nearly every organic and inorganic contaminants, bacteria, viruses, heavy metals and any impurities whose size is larger than 0.0001μ (1 micron = a millionth of a meter). This is why water treated by reverse osmosis is pure in every sense.
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Its considerably high rejection rates for a wide array of contaminants make RO membranes useful in oxygen/nitrogen separation, dialysis, and fuel cell, not to mention laboratories and semiconductor plants where extra pure water is required. Desalination, extracting pure water from salty water for drinking and domestic purposes, also involves reverse osmosis process. Its application has been expanded from its initial use in high-tech industry and for cleaning sophisticated electronic components to medical and now even to domestic use for safe drinking water.
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Some 75% of water purifiers available on the Korean market adopt reverse osmosis system and reverse osmosis purifiers take up 50% market share in the United States, where the system was first developed.
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Categories: water filters